PICUP Projectile Motion: Experiment and Computational Model Ex 2 n 4 JavaScript HTML5 Applet Simulation Model

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Projectile Motion: Experiment and Computational Model

Developed by Todd Zimmerman

Connecting computation to experiment is at the heart of physics. This set of exercises requires students to create a computational model for a ball launched into the air to determine the distance traveled and total time in the air. The students then must perform the experiment by launching the ball with a spring launcher. Data from the experiment must be entered into the computational model and the experimental results are compared to the computer model.

Subject Areas	Mechanics and Experimental Labs
Level	First Year
Available Implementations	IPython/Jupyter Notebook and Sage Worksheet
Learning Objectives	Explain that the time an object is in the air depends only on motion in the y-direction (Exercise 4) Relate the initial velocity of a launched ball to the horizontal velocity when the ball is launched horizontally (Exercise 2) Make use of the fact that horizontal and vertical motion are independent to solve a 2D motion problem by breaking problem up into two 1D problems (Exercise 1) Convert equations of motion into a computational model (program) with discrete time-steps (Exercise 1) Use experimental data as an input into a computational model (Exercise 6) Explain the limitations of computational models in predicting experimental results (Exercise 6)
Time to Complete	180 min

Exercise 2

EXERCISE 2

Predictions

Before you proceed with this part of the exercise make a prediction of how the time the ball takes to hit the floor varies as you increase the initial speed for the case of the ball being launched horizontally. Do you think the ball will be in the air longer, the same, or a smaller time than the initial launch speed?

Make another prediction about how the total horizontal distance the ball travels before hitting the ground as you increase the initial launch speed of the horizontally launched ball. Do you think the horizontal distance will increase, remain the same, or decrease as you increase the initial speed.

Run the Model

Once you’ve made your prediction, run your model with five different initial speeds and record the total horizontal distance and the total time the ball is in the air. Create two graphs from this data, one for horizontal distance vs. initial launch velocity and another graph for total air time vs. initial launch velocity.

How do your predictions compare to the output from the computational model? If your predictions differed from the model results explain how your thoughts have changed as a result of viewing the model.

ball_launch_lab_activity(Exercise 2).ipynb

#Exercise 2

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

%matplotlib inline

init_velocity = [ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

time_in_air = [0.65, 0.65, 0.65, 0.65, 0.65 ]

distance_traveled = [1.3, 2.6, 3.9, 5.2,6.5 ]

plt.plot(init_velocity, time_in_air)

plt.title('Air Time vs. Initial Speed')

plt.xlabel('Initial Speed')

plt.ylabel('Time in the air')

plt.show()

plt.plot(init_velocity, distance_traveled)

plt.title('Distance Traveled vs. Initial Speed')

plt.xlabel('Initial Speed')

plt.ylabel('Total horizontal distance traveled')

plt.show()

Exercise 4

EXERCISE 4

Predictions

Make your predictions before running the computer model. If you set the launcher to shoot the ball straight up in the air (set ), predict how the time the ball remains in the air varies as you increase the initial speed. Will the time in the air increase, remain the same, or decrease as you increase the initial speed?

Run the Model

Set the launch angle to in your computational model and launch the ball with at least five different initial speeds. Record the total time in the air. Plot time in the air vs. initial speed. Explain why we don’t need to plot the horizontal distance vs. time graph for this exercise.

How does your prediction compare to the results of the computational model? If your prediction differed from the model explain how your thoughts have changed as a result of viewing the model.

ball_launch_lab_activity(Exercise 4).ipynb

#Exercise 4

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

%matplotlib inline

init_velocity = [ 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

time_in_air = [0.86, 1.15, 1.49, 1.85, 2.22 ]

distance_traveled = [0, 0, 0, 0,0 ]

plt.plot(init_velocity, time_in_air)

plt.title('Air Time vs. Initial Speed')

plt.xlabel('Initial Speed')

plt.ylabel('Time in the air')

plt.show()

plt.plot(init_velocity, distance_traveled)

plt.title('Distance Traveled vs. Initial Speed')

plt.xlabel('Initial Speed')

plt.ylabel('Total horizontal distance traveled')

plt.show()

Translations

Code	Language		Translator	Run

Credits

Fremont Teng; Loo Kang Wee; based on codes by Todd Zimmerman

Versions

Other resources

http://www.compadre.org/Physlets/mechanics/illustration3_4.cfm Illustration 3.4: Projectile Motion by W. Christian and M. Belloni
http://physics.weber.edu/amiri/director-dcrversion/newversion/airresi/AirResi_1.0.html Trajectory of a ball with air resistance by Farhang Amiri
http://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/projectile_en.htm HTML5 version of Projectile Motion by Walter Fendt
http://www.compadre.org/OSP/items/detail.cfm?ID=7299&S=7 Ejs Intro 2DMotionLab Model by Anne Cox, Wolfgang Christian, and Mario Belloni
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=623.0 Projectile motion with equations by Fu-Kwun Hwang
http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/ntnujava/index.php?topic=1832.0 Airdrag by Fu-Kwun Hwang and ahmedelshfie
http://archive.geogebra.org/en/upload/files/english/lewws/basketballsimulation_counterspeed_simulationspeed_updated1r.html Simulation of BasketBall Throw by Lew W. S.
http://ophysics.com/k8.html by This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
http://ophysics.com/k9.html by This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

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Details: Written by Fremont; Parent Category: 03 Motion & Forces; Category: 02 Dynamics; Published: 30 April 2018; Created: 30 April 2018; Last Updated: 20 July 2018; Hits: 4019