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Code	Language		Translator	Run

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This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; Lye Sze Yee

http://iwant2study.org/lookangejss/02_newtonianmechanics_3dynamics/ejss_model_Momentum1D01/Momentum1D01_Simulation.xhtml

Briefing Document: 🚂Collision Carts Simulation Model

1. Overview

This document provides a summary of the "Collision Carts JavaScript HTML5 Applet Simulation Model," an open educational resource developed by Open Educational Resources / Open Source Physics @ Singapore. The resource is designed to help students understand the principles of momentum and energy conservation during collisions through interactive simulation. The simulation is accessible on various platforms, including web browsers and mobile devices, aiming to provide a versatile and engaging learning experience.

2. Main Themes and Key Concepts

Momentum Conservation: The central theme of the simulation revolves around the concept of linear momentum and its conservation during collisions. The description explicitly states: "The total momentum of a system remains constant provided that no external resultant force acts on the system." This principle is fundamental to the model and is mathematically represented as:
m1.u1 + m2.u2 = m1.v1 + m2.v2
Where:
m1 and m2 are the masses of the two colliding carts.
u1 and u2 are their initial velocities.
v1 and v2 are their final velocities.
Types of Collisions: The simulation allows users to explore different types of collisions, categorizing them into:
Elastic Collisions: Defined by the conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. As the source states, "A Perfectly elastic collision is defined as one in which both conservation of momentum and conservation of kinetic energy are observed"
Inelastic Collisions: Defined by the conservation of momentum but not kinetic energy. This type of collision includes a loss of kinetic energy, often transformed into other forms, such as heat.
Completely Inelastic Collisions: A specific type of inelastic collision in which the colliding carts stick together after the collision. In this case "conservation of momentum is observed but the colliding carts stick together after collision with kinetic energy loss"
Kinetic Energy: The model also allows users to examine the concept of kinetic energy and how it changes (or is conserved) in different collision types. Kinetic Energy is defined as "KE1 = ½ m1.v12"
Interactive Learning: The simulation emphasizes interactive learning by allowing students to manipulate various parameters through sliders and dropdown menus.
Frictionless Environment: The simulation runs on a "frictionless floor and wheels", effectively removing real-world complications of friction and allowing students to focus on the fundamental physics principles at play.

3. Key Features of the Simulation

Sliders: The app provides sliders to manipulate:
mass_1 (mass of cart 1, m1, in kg)
u1 (initial velocity of cart 1, in m/s)
mass_2 (mass of cart 2, m2, in kg)
u2 (initial velocity of cart 2, in m/s)
Dropdown Menu:
Allows users to select the type of collision to simulate (perfectly elastic, inelastic, or completely inelastic).
Allows users to display:
velocity vectors
graphs of momentum vs. time
graphs of kinetic energy vs. time
Provides "hints" for the equations of conservation of momentum (COM) and conservation of kinetic energy (COKE).
Buttons: Standard controls such as Play, Step Forward, and Reset.
Multiple Platforms: The simulation is accessible via:
Web browsers (HTML5)
Android and iOS devices (links provided for app downloads)

4. Intended Audience and Educational Use

Target Level: The resource is primarily intended for junior college level physics students, covering topics in dynamics.
Learning Objectives: The resource aims to enable students to:

Apply the principle of conservation of momentum to solve simple problems, including elastic and inelastic interactions in one dimension.
Understand that while momentum is conserved in interactions, kinetic energy may not be, usually changing during the process.

Pedagogical Approach: The simulation promotes a learner-centered approach with inquiry-based learning, encouraging students to explore different collision scenarios and analyze the results. The document outlines the use of worksheets for directed inquiry.

5. Technical Details and Credits

Development Tool: The model was created using Easy Java Simulations (EJS), version 5.2.
Accessibility: The source code is open for modification by EJS users. Instructions on how to examine and modify the model are provided.
Credits: The simulation acknowledges the contribution of "lookang" (Lye Sze Yee), the Easy Java Simulations community, and specific individuals within that community.
Licensing: The contents are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 Singapore License with instructions for accessing commercial licensing information for EJS.

6. Additional Resources and Materials

Worksheets: The resource includes links to numerous worksheets in various formats (DOCX, DOC, PDF), designed to guide students' exploration of the simulation.
Video Resources: The site offers links to videos explaining the concepts and showing use cases of the simulation.
External Links: The website provides links to other similar resources including simulations from Walter Fendt and PhET.
Related Projects: There are numerous links to other projects created using the Easy JavaScript Simulation (EJS) tool ranging from Physics to Math, Chemistry and other subjects.

7. Conclusion

The "Collision Carts JavaScript HTML5 Applet Simulation Model" provides a valuable educational resource for teaching the fundamental principles of momentum and energy conservation. Its interactive design, accessibility across multiple platforms, and open-source nature make it a versatile tool for educators and students alike. The inclusion of worksheets, videos, and other resources enhance its pedagogical value, supporting both guided and independent learning experiences. The numerous related projects show the versatility and range of topics that can be created using the EJS software.

Collision Carts Study Guide

Quiz

Instructions: Answer the following questions in 2-3 sentences each.

Define momentum and provide the formula for calculating it.
What is the principle of conservation of linear momentum?
In the context of colliding objects, what does it mean if no external forces are acting on the system?
What is the formula for calculating kinetic energy?
Describe an elastic collision in terms of conservation of momentum and kinetic energy.
How does an inelastic collision differ from a perfectly elastic collision?
What is a perfectly inelastic collision, and what happens to the kinetic energy in such a collision?
How can the simulation's sliders be used to explore collision dynamics?
What options are available in the simulation's drop-down menu?
What are the names of some additional resources for the study of collisions listed in this document?

Quiz Answer Key

Momentum is a measure of an object's mass in motion. It is calculated by multiplying the object’s mass by its velocity, and is represented by the formula p = m v, where p is the momentum, m is the mass, and v is the velocity.
The principle of conservation of linear momentum states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external resultant force acts on the system. In other words, the total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after the collision.
If no external forces are acting on the colliding objects, the total momentum of the system is conserved. This means that the total momentum of the system before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and it is calculated using the formula KE = ½ m v², where KE is the kinetic energy, m is the mass, and v is the velocity of the object.
In an elastic collision, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. This means that both the total momentum and the total kinetic energy of the system remain the same before and after the collision.
An inelastic collision conserves momentum, but some kinetic energy is lost, usually converted into other forms of energy like heat or sound. Unlike a perfectly elastic collision, the kinetic energy of the system is not constant.
A perfectly inelastic collision occurs when colliding objects stick together after the impact. In these collisions, momentum is conserved, but the maximum amount of kinetic energy is lost.
The simulation’s sliders can be used to vary the mass and initial velocities of the two carts, allowing users to observe how these variables affect the collision dynamics and the final velocities and momentum of each cart.
The drop-down menu in the simulation allows users to select the type of collision they wish to simulate (elastic, inelastic, perfectly inelastic). It also has options for visualizing velocity vectors and graphing momentum and kinetic energy vs. time.
Some of the resources for the study of collisions listed are: Collision Carts by Walter Fendt, Collision Carts by Physicsclassroom, and Collision Lab by PhET.

Essay Questions

Instructions: Answer the following essay questions in a comprehensive format, drawing on the concepts presented in the source material.

Explain the concept of conservation of linear momentum, using specific examples from the collision carts simulation, discussing the role of mass and velocity.
Compare and contrast elastic, inelastic, and perfectly inelastic collisions, using mathematical equations to support your explanation of the conservation of momentum and kinetic energy in each type of collision.
Analyze the simulation model, discussing the ways the software can be used to enhance understanding of physics concepts related to momentum and kinetic energy; consider both the strengths and limitations of this particular computer model.
Discuss the real-world applications of the principles of conservation of momentum and kinetic energy, referencing examples of collisions and analyzing how these principles are relevant to our understanding of these events.
Evaluate the design and pedagogical approach of the collision carts simulation, considering how it supports student learning and scientific inquiry, referencing the documentation of worksheets, lesson plans, and other educational resources associated with this simulation.

Glossary of Key Terms

Momentum (p): A measure of the motion of an object, calculated as the product of its mass (m) and velocity (v); a vector quantity.
Conservation of Linear Momentum: The principle that states that the total momentum of a closed system remains constant if no external forces act on the system.
Elastic Collision: A collision in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved.
Inelastic Collision: A collision in which momentum is conserved, but kinetic energy is not; some kinetic energy is typically converted to other forms of energy (heat, sound, etc.).
Perfectly Inelastic Collision: A collision in which momentum is conserved, but colliding objects stick together after the impact, and the maximum amount of kinetic energy is lost.
Kinetic Energy (KE): The energy possessed by an object due to its motion, calculated by ½ mv², where m is mass and v is velocity.
External Force: A force acting on a system from an outside source, as opposed to an internal force between objects within the system.
System: A defined set of interacting objects or particles whose behavior is being analyzed.
Velocity (v): The rate of change of an object's position, including both its speed and direction.
Mass (m): A measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Apps

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.ionicframework.collisioncartapp170147

https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/collision-carts-simulator/id1177377945?mt=8

Description

Momentum One Dimension Collision Model

The motion of a body of mass m and velocity v is described by a vector quantity known as momentum p where

p = m v

When objects collide, whether trains, cars, billiard balls, shopping carts, or your foot and the sidewalk, the results can be complicated. Yet even in the most chaotic of collisions, as long as there are no net external forces acting on the colliding objects, one principle always holds and provides an excellent tool for understanding the collision. That principle is called the conservation of linear momentum which states that

The total momentum of a system remains constant provided that no external resultant force acts on the system

For two bodies colliding linearly, it is written mathematically as a vector equation

Total initial momentum = total final momentum

m₁.u₁ + m₂.u₂ = m₁.v₁ + m₂.v₂

If external forces (such as friction) are ignored, the total momentum of two carts prior to a collision (left side of equation) is the same as the total momentum of the carts after the collision (right side of equation).

Collisions are classified into elastic (or perfectly elastic), inelastic and completely inelastic.

There is also a concept of kinetic energy of a moving body is stated mathematically by the following equation:

KE1 = ½ m₁.v₁²

Main Simulation View
The simulation has 2 collision carts on frictionless floor and wheels.
Sliders

Explore the sliders allows varying the variables .

   * mass of cart ONE, mass_1, m₁ in kg
   * initial velocity of cart ONE, u₁ in m/s
   * mass of cart TWO, mass_2, m₂ in kg
   * initial velocity of cart TWO, u₂ in m/s

DropDown Menu
Allows for selecting what kind of collision is simulated.

A Perfectly elastic collision is defined as one in which both conservation of momentum and conservation of kinetic energy are observed
A Perfectly Inelastic collision is defined as one in which conservation of momentum is observed but the colliding carts stick together after collision with kinetic energy loss

DropDown Menu
show: velocity, for visualizing the velocity vector
plot momentum vs time graph, for different representation of data for momentum of cart 1, 2 and both.
plot kinetic energy vs time graph, for different representation of data for kinetic energy of cart 1, 2 and both.
hint: COM, for the equation of conservation of momentum
hint: COKE, or the equation of conservation of kinetic energy

Buttons
Play
Step Forward
Reset
have their usual meaning.

Credits:
The Momentum 1D JavaScript Collision model was created by created by lookang using the Easy Java Simulations (EJS) version 5.2 authoring and modeling tool. Shout our thanks to the Ejs community namely, Francisco Esquembre, Félix J. García Clemente , Fu-Kwun Hwang and Wolfgang Christian for their professional learning community support. You can examine and modify this compiled EJS model if you run the model (double click on the model's jar file), right-click within a plot, and select "Open EJS Model" from the pop-up menu. You must, of course, have EJS installed on your computer. Information about EJS is available at: http://www.um.es/fem/Ejs/ and in the OSP comPADRE collection http://www.compadre.org/OSP/.

ScreenShots

Collision Carts JavaScript HTML5 Applet Simulation Model

Collision Carts JavaScript HTML5 Applet Simulation Model
direct link Android free Android pro iOS free iOS pro

Video

Astro Academy: Principia - Collisions by National Space Academy

Ejs open source java applet 1D collision carts Elastic and Inelastic Collision by lookang lawrence wee

Ejs open source java applet 1D collision carts Elastic and Inelastic Collision v2 by lookang lawrence wee

https://www.facebook.com/AskMencom/videos/10153205007388723/

https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/2e3ab9c2-ab64-4fdf-9aec-9772810a416b/audio

Worksheets

Versions

http://weelookang.blogspot.sg/2013/09/one-dimension-collision-js-model.html JavaScript version of EJSS One Dimension Collision JS Model by
http://weelookang.blogspot.sg/2012/02/ejs-open-source-collision-carts-model.html Java version of the Ejs Open Source Collision Carts Model with AJC and RVHS
http://iwant2study.org/lookangejss/02_newtonianmechanics_3dynamics/ejs/ejs_model_Momentum1DForceModel09.jar Java version of simulation on Digital Library

Research

arXiv:1204.4964 [pdf, other]

One-dimensional collision carts computer model and its design ideas for productive experiential learning

Loo Kang Wee

Comments: 6 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, 1 L. K. Wee, Physics Education 47 (3), 301 (2012); ISSN 0031-9120

Journal-ref: Physics Education, 47(3), 301 (2012)

Subjects: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph); Classical Physics (physics.class-ph); Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)

Other Resources

http://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phen/collision_en.htm Collision Carts by Walter Fendt
http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Physics-Interactives/Momentum-and-Collisions/Collision-Carts Collision Carts by Physicsclassroom
http://weelookang.blogspot.sg/2014/11/ejss-collision-model-by-dave-lommen.html EJSS collision model by Dave Lommen
http://weelookang.blogspot.sg/2014/07/ejs-1d-collision-model-with-virtual.html EJS 1D collision model with virtual spring model by Fu-Kwun Hwang and Loo Kang Wee
https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/collision-lab Collision Lab by PhET
http://www.mrmont.com/games/carcollision.html
http://www.opensourcephysics.org/items/detail.cfm?ID=14162 International Space Station: Collisions Video Analysis with Tracker by Tim Peake, Robin Mobbs, Anu Ojha, Andy McMurry, and Sophie Allan
https://www.geogebra.org/m/n3X5njnT Elastic & Inelastic Collisions by ukukuku
https://www.geogebra.org/m/gSmRe62s The Ballistic Pendulum by ukukuku
https://www.geogebra.org/m/Ks939X8m Conservation of Momentum and Energy by ukukuku

Links

https://sites.google.com/moe.gov.sg/ictinstem/resources/science?authuser=1

https://library.opal.moe.edu.sg/ictc&func=view&rid=289

Specific Instructional Objectives

Students will be able to:

1) apply the principle of conservation of momentum to solve simple problems including elastic and inelastic interactions between two bodies in one dimension; and
2) show an understanding that, whilst the momentum of a system is always conserved in interactions between bodies, some change in kinetic energy usually takes place.

Lesson Outline

Level: JC 1

brief lesson plan.
teacher briefly explain how today's lesson is useful in everyday science.
teacher to demonstrate how Computer Model can be used
allow students to self direct inquiry with worksheets of different scenarios with Computer Model
end with a student survey of the lesson for improvement and teacher reflections.

ICT equipment & resources needed
Java Runtime installed.

Pedagogy or strategies used:
pedagogy is learner centeacheric education of inquiry learning

Duration:
1 hour 30 mins

Assessment of Students' Learning

Worksheets

Year of Implementation

2012

Subjects

Dynamics

Keywords

Computer Model

Language

Education Level

Post-Sec

Cluster

Used By

Creator

Lim Ai Phing River Valley High Sch

Owner

Lim Ai Phing River Valley High Sch

Name of Co-Creator(s)

Eugene Yap Swee Huat/River Valley High Sch
Tan Yong Yi/ River Valley High Sch
Wee Loo Kang/ This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it./ Educational Technology Division

FAQ on Collision Carts Simulation

What is the main principle demonstrated by the Collision Carts simulation?
The simulation primarily demonstrates the principle of conservation of linear momentum. This principle states that the total momentum of a system remains constant, provided no external resultant force acts on the system. In the context of the simulation, the total momentum of two carts before a collision is equal to their total momentum after the collision, assuming no external forces like friction are present.
How is momentum defined and calculated in this simulation?
Momentum, represented by the variable 'p', is defined as the product of an object's mass (m) and its velocity (v), i.e., p = mv. The simulation allows users to adjust the mass and initial velocity of two colliding carts, and then calculates their momentum before and after the collision, allowing users to verify the principle of conservation of momentum. The momentum is treated as a vector quantity, meaning both magnitude and direction are important.
What are the different types of collisions that can be simulated?
The simulation allows users to explore three types of collisions: perfectly elastic, inelastic, and completely inelastic. A perfectly elastic collision is one in which both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. An inelastic collision conserves momentum but not kinetic energy. Finally, a completely inelastic collision conserves momentum but the carts stick together after impact, resulting in loss of kinetic energy.
What is kinetic energy and how is it related to collisions in the simulation?
Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy of motion, defined by the equation KE = ½ mv². In perfectly elastic collisions, the total kinetic energy of the system is conserved (remains the same before and after the collision). However, in inelastic and completely inelastic collisions, some of the kinetic energy is converted into other forms of energy (e.g., heat, sound, deformation), and thus, the total kinetic energy of the carts decreases. This can be visualized using the kinetic energy vs time graph, which is one of the features of the simulation.
What are some of the interactive elements and features of the simulation?
The simulation includes several interactive elements, such as sliders to adjust the mass and initial velocity of the two carts, a dropdown menu to select the type of collision (elastic, inelastic, completely inelastic), and various display options to show velocity vectors, and plot momentum and kinetic energy graphs over time. Additionally, the simulation features "hint" buttons that display equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of kinetic energy. Play, Step Forward, and Reset buttons allow the user to control and repeat simulations.
What is the purpose of having multiple versions and formats of the simulation?
The simulation is available in various formats, including JavaScript HTML5, Java Applet, and downloadable apps for iOS and Android. This is done to ensure accessibility across different devices and platforms (e.g., computers, tablets, and smartphones). These multiple versions also allow for wider use of the simulation in different educational environments.
What educational resources and materials accompany this simulation?
Several worksheets are provided that feature different scenarios and are designed to help students learn about the principles of momentum, collisions, and energy. There are teacher guides available as well. These resources are designed to promote student inquiry and help educators implement the simulation effectively in their classrooms.
What are some other resources related to collision and momentum simulations?
The simulation webpage lists several related simulations, including those by Walter Fendt, Physicsclassroom, PhET, and others. These resources are listed to provide supplementary learning materials. There are also several links to EJS related resources that support the model building process. This shows that the simulation is part of a broader ecosystem of educational tools for physics education.

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Details: Parent Category: 03 Motion & Forces; Category: 02 Dynamics; Published: 29 April 2018; Created: 20 August 2015; Last Updated: 03 January 2025; Hits: 40090

Breadcrumbs

🚂Collision Carts JavaScript HTML5 Applet Simulation Model

Translations

Credits

Collision Carts Study Guide

Quiz

Quiz Answer Key

Essay Questions

Glossary of Key Terms

Apps

Description

ScreenShots

Video

Worksheets

Versions

Research

Other Resources

FAQ on Collision Carts Simulation