Source 1: Clock Teaching Model

• Authors: weelookang@gmail.com; Fu-Kwun Hwang; Felix J. Garcia-Clemente; Francisco (Paco) Esquembre
• License: CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike)
• Key Theme: This source outlines a conceptual model for teaching time, likely underpinning the development of interactive tools like the simulation described in the second source. While it is brief, it highlights the pedagogical considerations for effectively teaching children how to read an analog clock.

Source 2: Telling Time to 5 mins JavaScript HTML5 Applet Simulation Model

• Source: Open Educational Resources / Open Source Physics @ Singapore
• Authors/Credits: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; Fu-Kwun Hwang; Felix J. Garcia-Clemente; Francisco (Paco) Esquembre. The original Java applet was by Fu-Kwun Hwang.
• License: Contents are licensed Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 Singapore License. Commercial use of the EasyJavaScriptSimulations Library requires a separate license.
• Key Themes and Important Ideas:
• Interactive and Accessible Learning Tool: This resource is a web-based, interactive simulation designed to help students learn to tell time on an analog clock, specifically to 5-minute intervals. Its HTML5 format ensures accessibility across various devices, including desktops, laptops (like Chromebooks), and mobile devices (Android/iOS phones and tablets/iPads). The embed code provided allows for easy integration into webpages and learning management systems.
• Focus on Conceptual Understanding: The simulation includes a "teaching mode" specifically designed to address common difficulties children face. As the description states: "The teaching mode is created to help children realize 6H55M is actually 6H55M and not 7H55M as the hour hand really points very closely to 7 for example." This highlights the tool's aim to help students understand the continuous movement of the hour hand and its relationship to the minute hand.
• Simplified Visuals for Younger Learners: The default view of the simulation is intentionally simplified for children aged 6 to 9, with the "seconds (RED) hand is hidden by default to make the view simple." The primary focus is on the "hour ( BLUE) and minute (MAGENTA or easier to call it PINK?) hands." The color-coding of the hands is a deliberate design choice to aid visual distinction.
• Interactive Elements for Exploration: The simulation features "interactive elements... shown as cross-hair circles on the hour, minute and second hands that automatically compute the respective positions." This interactivity likely allows users to manipulate the hands and observe the corresponding time, fostering active learning.
• Teacher Guidance and Awareness of Potential Misconceptions: The "For Teachers" section provides valuable insights for educators using the tool. It points out potential learning difficulties, such as children dragging the minute hand to "2H10M position on the clock face, thinking that it is 2H," and advises teachers to "watch out for that and address that learning difficulty."
• Support for Language Development: The inclusion of "hints 'words show' is also designed to help children realized the logic of the English language such as 'half past hour'." This indicates that the simulation may visually or textually connect analog clock positions with common time-related phrases.
• Non-Teaching Mode for Real-World Representation: A "non teaching mode is also available which shows the analog display in most real clocks." This allows for a transition from the simplified teaching view to a more realistic representation of an analog clock.
• Pause Functionality for User Input: The simulation "works best and need to be paused for user inputs via the drop-down menu to select various show/hide properties." This suggests that the tool offers customization options that teachers or students can control to focus on specific aspects of telling time.
• Reset Functionality: A "Reset the simulation will put it back to its original set," providing a convenient way to start fresh.
• Call for Feedback and Future Development: The author encourages users to "Rate the app and share what you think will help children learn. I will try to add new features if time permits :)." This open approach suggests a willingness to improve the resource based on user feedback.
• Links to Related Resources: The "Other Resources" section provides a curated list of external websites and tools related to teaching and learning about time, offering educators additional materials. Examples include interactive clocks, games, and explanations of analog and digital clocks.
• Version History and Original Applet: The document acknowledges the original Java applet by Fu-Kwun Hwang and provides links to different versions of the simulation, demonstrating its development and evolution.

Potential Educational Applications:

• Direct Instruction: Teachers can use the simulation as a visual aid during lessons on telling time.
• Interactive Learning Activities: Students can engage with the simulation individually or in small groups to practice telling time.
• Addressing Misconceptions: The "teaching mode" is specifically designed to target common difficulties, making it useful for remediation.
• Differentiated Instruction: The ability to show/hide elements (like the second hand) allows for tailoring the tool to different learning levels.
• Homework and Independent Practice: Students can access the web-based simulation from home for additional practice.

Considerations:

• The primary focus of the described simulation is on telling time to 5-minute intervals. While a foundational skill, educators may need additional resources to teach time to the minute or second.
• The "Clock Teaching Model" description is high-level and doesn't provide specific pedagogical strategies beyond the feature set of the simulation.

Conclusion:

The "Telling Time to 5 mins JavaScript HTML5 Applet Simulation Model," informed by the underlying "Clock Teaching Model" principles, appears to be a valuable and accessible tool for teaching children how to tell time on an analog clock. Its interactive features, focus on conceptual understanding, and teacher-oriented guidance make it a potentially effective resource for educators. The open licensing encourages its use and adaptation within educational contexts. Further exploration of the simulation itself would provide a deeper understanding of its functionalities and effectiveness.

Frequently Asked Questions about the Clock Teaching Model and Simulation

1. What is the primary purpose of the Clock Teaching Model and its associated simulation? The primary purpose is to help children, particularly those aged 6 to 9, learn how to tell time on an analog clock. The simulation offers interactive elements and different modes to facilitate understanding the relationship between the hour and minute hands and their corresponding times.

2. What are some key features designed to aid learning in the "Telling Time to 5 mins" simulation? Several features are incorporated to help children learn. These include: * Simplified View: Initially hiding the seconds hand to avoid overwhelming younger learners. * Interactive Hands: Cross-hair circles on the hour, minute, and second hands that automatically update their positions, allowing for dragging and exploration. * Teaching Mode: Specifically designed to address the common misconception of associating the hour hand's proximity to the next hour with that time (e.g., understanding that when the time is 6:55, it is still 6 o'clock and not yet 7). * Non-Teaching Mode: Provides a view resembling a standard analog clock. * Show/Hide Properties: Users can adjust the visibility of different elements through a drop-down menu (requires pausing the simulation). * "Words Show" Hints: Designed to help children understand time-related English phrases like "half past hour." * Reset Function: Allows users to return the simulation to its original settings.

3. What specific learning difficulty does the teaching mode aim to address? The teaching mode specifically addresses the difficulty children may have in understanding that the hour hand's position gradually moves between hours. For instance, when the minute hand is at 55 minutes past the hour, the hour hand is very close to the next hour, leading some children to incorrectly identify the time as the upcoming hour. The teaching mode emphasizes that the hour is not complete until the minute hand reaches the 12.

4. How can teachers effectively use the "Telling Time to 5 mins" simulation in their lessons? Teachers can use the simulation in several ways: * Demonstration: Showing the real-time clock and how the hands move. * Interactive Exploration: Allowing students to drag the hands to set specific times and observe the relationship between the hands' positions. * Addressing Misconceptions: Using the teaching mode to explicitly address the confusion between the hour hand's position and the actual hour. * Vocabulary Building: Utilizing the "words show" hints to teach time-related language. * Identifying Learning Gaps: Observing students' interactions with the simulation, such as attempting to drag the minute hand to a position and incorrectly stating the hour (e.g., dragging to 2:10 and thinking it's just "2H").

5. Are there different versions or platforms available for this clock simulation? Yes, there are different versions and platforms available: * JavaScript HTML5 Applet: The primary version described, accessible through web browsers on various devices (desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones). * Mirror Sites: Alternative web links are provided. * Original Java Applet: An earlier version developed by Fu-Kwun Hwang. * Mobile Apps: Links to Android and iOS apps are provided in their respective app stores.

6. Who are the creators and contributors to this Clock Teaching Model and simulation? The creators and contributors include: * weelookang@gmail.com * Fu-Kwun Hwang * Felix J. Garcia-Clemente * Francisco (Paco) Esquembre

7. Under what license is the Clock Teaching Model and simulation released? The Clock Teaching Model is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC-BY-NC-SA). The EasyJavaScriptSimulations library, used to compile the model, has a separate license for commercial use, as detailed on the provided link.

8. Besides the simulation itself, what other resources are suggested for teaching time? The documentation provides a list of "Other Resources" that teachers might find helpful, including: * Flash-based clock resources. * Interactive time-telling websites and games. * A GeoGebra resource with a unique approach to time. * An interactive analog and digital clock. * A clock drawing tool. * Time-telling games.